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The historical archaeology of a block in downtown Tucson, Pima County, Arizona

The historical archaeology of a block in downtown Tucson, Pima County, Arizona

Prior to the construction of a hotel in downtown Tucson, Desert Archaeology investigated portions of a city block that was once occupied by residences and businesses beginning in the 1880s. Historical research identified the primary residents in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and also the businesses that existed on the block into the 1960s. The block was home to Tucson’s first volunteer fire department chief, who operated a freight transfer business next to his home. Livery stables once present on the block eventually gave way to automotive businesses, including a gas station. Archaeological compliance was on the critical path to achieving funding and approvals. Through close coordination and communication, Desert Archaeology completed the fieldwork ahead of schedule and incorporated a press outreach effort that brought the client positive publicity. The client provided the following unsolicited recommendation:

This letter is written as a recommendation for Desert Archaeology (DAI). DAI exceeded expectations in all aspects of their work on the AC Marriott project. Schedule concerns were brought up to DAI before the start of their field work, and they met or beat all required due dates for their work, all while coordinating adjacent demolition activities with the General Contractor. When it came to gaining agency approvals, DAI took a proactive approach, and as a result, all clearances were achieved much sooner than expected. DAI has acted as a true partner in their entire scope on this project, and I would recommend them on any archaeological study.

Date:
March 2016
Location:
Tucson, Pima County, Arizona
Type:
Testing and Data Recovery
Compliance:
Federal
Lead Agency:
Housing and Urban Development
Client:
5 North Fifth Hotel, L.L.C.
DAI Reports:
Technical Report No. 2015-08
Services:
Data Recovery
Excavation
Construction Monitoring
Historical Materials
Concrete slabs for a service station constructed around 1928 and torn down in the 1950s lay beneath an asphalt parking lot. Block 92 initially had horse-related businesses including livery stables and blacksmiths, but beginning in the 1910s these were replaced by auto repair shops and gasoline stations.
A 1928 to 1931 Model T engine block was found in a pit filled with discarded automobile parts. The engine will be part of a historical display in the 5 North Fifth Hotel lobby.
A Tea Leaf pattern saucer was used as a painter's palette, perhaps by a resident of the block, Mrs. Ada Johnson. China painting was a popular pursuit during the Victorian era.
Jack Boleyn became the first volunteer Fire Chief in Tucson in 1881. Ironically, his house and stables burned in 1898. Debris from the fire was thrown down a well, where the buttons from his fire department uniform were recovered during our excavation. Boleyn died from injuries sustained while fighting a fire in 1910.
Jack Boleyn's Fire Department badge and uniform buttons were found in features on the block.
A place setting assembled from items thrown away by the members of the Boleyn family in the 1890s. The family dined from inexpensive whiteware dishes.